Sylvia Plath, Lady Lazarus as a Confessional Poem Essay Example

Sylvia Plath, Lady Lazarus as a Confessional Poem Essay Lady Lazarus Poem Analysis LADY LAZARUS, by Sylvia Plath. Review. 2012. Suicide in every culture is considered to be very taboo, seen as overtly morbid and disturbing. However, it has also made many people famous. Sylvia Plath, a twentieth-century poet, was one of them. She was a ‘straight A’ student throughout her whole life, writing her first poem at eight years old. Just days after writing this poem, her father died. This event, specialists believe was the catalyst that caused a lot of her anguish and depression. Plath uses these highly strung emotions in her poem â€Å"Lady Lazarus. After her first near successful suicide at twenty years old, she met her husband to be. Another poet Ted Hughes, though after adultery on both sides occurred, the marriage finally ended. After the end of the marriage, her suicidal tendencies began once again. Lady Lazarus is a confessional poem, as it was written during that feverish time in her life, also with the use of self-parody. It is a complex analysis of h er love hate relationship with death and suicide. After reading the title a first impression is made, of a biblical allusion. In the book Johns Lazarus of Bethany, Lazarus is resurrected from the dead by Jesus. In the poem Plath or Lady Lazarus is resurrected, after each suicide attempt by the doctors. Her choice to change the gender of Lazarus to a lady projects a feminist ideal, an image of a female that’s powerful. The strong theme of death and decay of human flesh is throughout the poem. Plath also uses historical allusions of Nazis and the Jewish Holocaust. The poem uses, morbid, symbolisms that evokes chilling imagery. Another strong theme is feminism, and the love hate relationship with the men in her life, this would seem to be her father and her husband, Ted Hughes. We will write a custom essay sample on Sylvia Plath, Lady Lazarus as a Confessional Poem specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Sylvia Plath, Lady Lazarus as a Confessional Poem specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Sylvia Plath, Lady Lazarus as a Confessional Poem specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Plath also bitterly referred to her father as a Nazi and herself a Jew. Lady Lazarus introduces the reader to suicide and death instantly, ‘I have done it again’, tells the reader that it isn’t the first time she’s attempted suicide. Then with little emotion declares, she ‘manages’ to do it once every decade. She continues with the use of a metaphor and simile. ‘Skin as bright as a Nazi lampshade’, here she uses a historical allusion to the Nazis making their lampshades out of Jewish skin. There is also striking alliteration that personifies her face. My face featureless, fine Jew linen’. The ‘miracle in this stanza biblically alludes to Lazarus rising from the dead. â€Å"Peel off the napkin O my enemy Do I terrify? † The last stanza at the start of the poem, include the first use of sarcasm which is used again throughout Lady Lazarus. Plath is daring her enemy to ‘Peel off the napkin’. Then in a m ore threatening tone asks, ’Do I terrify? ’ in the introduction she is addressing a singular person/enemy. As the poem progresses, the reader become numerous, as her identities are discovered. Lady Lazarus has to be a different voice or character for each one, though none of these personalities are bearable to her. â€Å"The nose, the eye pits the full set of teeth? The sour breath Will vanish in a day:† The fifth stanza is the beginning of Lady Lazarus recovering from her third suicide attempt. Letting the reader know from experience she will recover quickly. ‘The sour breath will vanish in a day’ The next stanzas are continuing her restoration back to her original self ’and I a smiling women’. A subtle feminist tone, that’s suggesting people in society judge women externally. With her smiling facade, she also makes the boastful statement that, ‘like a cat I have nine times to die’. ‘This is number Three’. The capitalisation of the word three exhibits her thoughts on this being an, exciting event for her, in which the numbers are likely to grow. This also translates Plath’s romantic and passionate relationship with death. Then her boastful manner turns to disgust, with a personification of death as a love object, which is portrayed in, ‘what a trash/to annihilate each decade. ’ The word trash is a very colloquial slang term for garbage. The next stanza is written in a simple, buoyant style. Throughout the poem she chooses a flippant style to describe the seriousness of death and suicide. This evokes a feeling of disturbing tension. The constantly shifting tone and style appear as the monologue of Lady Lazarus. She speaks spontaneously from her pain, bitterness and anguish. In which the dominant effects are derived from colloquial, conversational language. The plain, simple style is given greater power, when keywords and phrases are obsessively repeated. Eileen. M. Aird states in ‘Sylvia Plath: Her Life and Work,’ When analysing the style of Lady Lazarus; She takes very personal, painful material and controls and forms it with the utmost rigour into a highly wrought poem, which is partly effective because of the polar opposition between the terrible gaiety of its form and the fiercely uncompromising seriousness of its subject. † (Sylvia Plath; Her Life and Work. Aird, 1973) The next part of the poem is a continuance of her self-disgust. The ‘mill ion filaments’, could be a representation of the many pieces of her life being on show, ‘the peanut crunching crowd’ has dissected these fragmented pieces over a long time. The other people in this audience of business men and media are the doctors, Plath’s father and husband. She uses the American slang word ‘shove’ to portray the crowd as eager and aggressive. An illicit source of arousal is being offered to the crowd, as ‘The big strip tease’, is performed. This arousal is gained from both, her naked body and her naked psyche too. All as her morals and ideals for women disappear. As she shocks, thrills and performs for her audience. With the use of ‘Gentleman, Ladies,’ she is mocking, and shaming the audience. Plath acts as the announcer at her own freak show, guiding us through her features. As this guide she continues to tell the audience of the first and second time, she skimmed death, on the second attempt at suicide when her mother and brother finally found her underneath a house. Her well hidden body was crawling with earth worms. Then exploiting her career in dying, she boasts that she is talented in the art of dying. Alluding to her life of straight A’s, in any other art form. Near the end of the poem Lady Lazarus has provided her audience with a theatrical, magical, near death experience. The crowed is indifferent to her still being alive, though the ‘Amused shout’, ‘a miracle’! Then her attention shifts back to a single enemy again, and she addresses the doctor in particular, in a more direct way. â€Å"I am your opus I am your valuable The pure gold baby. † Opus is a Latin word for a persons, masterpiece or work. So Plath is also valuable to the doctors who are doing their duty, when they work to revive her. This dance with the male doctors is exhausting and so frustrating to her. That she ‘melts to a shriek’, and ‘turn(s) and burn(s)’. With a diplomatic tone, Lady Lazarus then relays her understanding to the doctor, that he must do his duty. Though in a very sarcastic tone, ‘Do not think I underestimate your great concern’. Plath uses strong, sinister, imagery, as she sets a tone of despair, and complete sense of submission, to all the men in her life. Including the doctors that kept her alive, business men that sold her, mind, and body to the peanut crunching crowd. Though at the end, Lady Lazarus grows stronger, and bolder against them. She addresses God, and Satan, by mocking them, ‘Herr God, Herr Lucifer’. Lady Lazarus, or Plath, submits to no man anymore, and it is clear there is no higher power than her. As she warns anybody left watching her, ‘Beware, Beware’, and ‘I rise with my red hair/and I eat men like air’. Last stanza includes a strong mystical allusion to Phoenix Rising out of the ashes, Lady Lazarus rises with her red hair. She has now risen to control the men in her life, Lady Lazarus thinks of men as much as she has to think, of the air she breathes. Bibliography Aird, E. M. , 1973. In: Sylvia Plath, Her Life And Work. Available at: http://www. english. illinois. edu/maps/poets/_r/plath/lazarus. htm [Accessed 17 march 2012]. Hughes, T. (ed). 1981, Sylvia Plath, Collected Poems. Faber and Faber, Bloomsbury House, London. 1981. .

Free Essays on Jaques Pepin

Jacques Pepin is a famous chef. He is also a host of PBS-TV series, Today’s Gourmet. He has published 19 cookbooks. He is a contributing editor to FOOD & WINE MAGAZINE. Mr. Pepin was a columnist for the New York Times. Jacques Pepin was the personal chef to three French heads of state, including Charles DeGaulle. He has been a guest on many popular TV shows like The Today Show, and Good Morning America. Jacques Pepin was born in Bourg-en Bresse, France. His parents owned a restaurant called Le Pelican. His first exposure to cooking was at that restaurant when he was 13 years old. His name means umbrella in French. The umbrella has become a family symbol or trademark for his signature that he signs his artwork with. He did a formal apprenticeship at the distinguished Grand Hotel de L’Europe in his hometown. He also worked in Paris training under Lucien Diat at the Plaza Athenee. He moved to the United States in 1959. He worked first at New York’s historic Le Pavillon restaurant. Then he worked ten years as a director of research and development at the Howard Johnson Company. He studied at Columbia University earning an MA degree in 18th Century French Literature. Jacques has painted many of the pictures that hang in his house. He is married and lives in Madison, Connecticut with his wife, Gloria and daughter Claudine. Mr. Pepin is currently finished writing a cookbook called, Jacques Pepin’s Kitchen: Cooking with Claudine. He also serves as dean of the French Culinary Institute in New York City and he teaches at Boston University. His PBS series will be a 26 show series with Julia Child. Mr. Pepin is the recipient of two of the French government’s highest honors. He is the Chevalier de L’Ordre des Arts et des Lettres (1997) and a Chlevalier de L’Ordre du Merite Agicole (1992). He is also on the board of trustees of the James Beard Foundation. Mr. Pepin feels cooking is a joy and a gift you ... Free Essays on Jaques Pepin Free Essays on Jaques Pepin Jacques Pepin is a famous chef. He is also a host of PBS-TV series, Today’s Gourmet. He has published 19 cookbooks. He is a contributing editor to FOOD & WINE MAGAZINE. Mr. Pepin was a columnist for the New York Times. Jacques Pepin was the personal chef to three French heads of state, including Charles DeGaulle. He has been a guest on many popular TV shows like The Today Show, and Good Morning America. Jacques Pepin was born in Bourg-en Bresse, France. His parents owned a restaurant called Le Pelican. His first exposure to cooking was at that restaurant when he was 13 years old. His name means umbrella in French. The umbrella has become a family symbol or trademark for his signature that he signs his artwork with. He did a formal apprenticeship at the distinguished Grand Hotel de L’Europe in his hometown. He also worked in Paris training under Lucien Diat at the Plaza Athenee. He moved to the United States in 1959. He worked first at New York’s historic Le Pavillon restaurant. Then he worked ten years as a director of research and development at the Howard Johnson Company. He studied at Columbia University earning an MA degree in 18th Century French Literature. Jacques has painted many of the pictures that hang in his house. He is married and lives in Madison, Connecticut with his wife, Gloria and daughter Claudine. Mr. Pepin is currently finished writing a cookbook called, Jacques Pepin’s Kitchen: Cooking with Claudine. He also serves as dean of the French Culinary Institute in New York City and he teaches at Boston University. His PBS series will be a 26 show series with Julia Child. Mr. Pepin is the recipient of two of the French government’s highest honors. He is the Chevalier de L’Ordre des Arts et des Lettres (1997) and a Chlevalier de L’Ordre du Merite Agicole (1992). He is also on the board of trustees of the James Beard Foundation. Mr. Pepin feels cooking is a joy and a gift you ...

Analysis of retail marketing

Analysis of retail marketing Retailing involves the selling of goods, services or merchandise from a fixed location (like departmental store, boutique), by mail or through the internet, in smaller lots for direct consumption by the customers. Subordinate services like delivery may be included. (Wikipedia) After studying the nature and role of retail and the global environment in which it operates, following is my research in this area: 1) Retail Internationalisation is much more than the opening of stores abroad: Retailing had always been a domestic market activity. However, an increasing number of retailers are no more confining their trading activities to the home-market (Moore and Fernie, International Retail Marketing). Fashion retailers like The Gap, H&M, Zara, Gucci, etc recognised the benefits of crossing boundaries and thus, have sought to exploit international opportunities. Retail internationalisation is an essential ingredient for the global economy. Consumers are increasingly becoming international in their outlook due to business/pleasure travelling, access to internet, television, magazines, etc and are always seeking new experiences and a global appeal while shopping. International retailing satisfies the increasingly complex and demanding needs of global consumers. As retailers are cost-driven, consideration of key activities and procedures is necessary to achieve the tag of an international retailing business that is profitable. Internationalising retailers also gain sustainable competitive advantage. Wal-Mart and Tesco enjoy cost leadership & the benefits of operational efficiency. Brand strength is well known with Starbucks. Zara and H&M achieved fashion leadership whereas category dominance is prominent with IKEA. The motivations for international expansion: According to Williams, 1991, it is important to note those factors that motivate retailers to consider international markets as a strategy for growth. Amongst the various theoretical frameworks, the â€Å"push and pull† factors proposed by Alexander (1997) have emerged as key in interpreting retailer’s motives behind expansion into foreign markets. It focuses on why retailers are ‘pulled’ towards a foreign market and/or why they are ‘pushed’ to move out of their home market. According to Alexander (1997), retail internationalisation was a reaction to the bad internal market conditions, or the desire to further exploit trade competencies and opportunities abroad due to home-market saturation. The 21st century has given rise to an elite group of trans-national grocery retailers (like Wal-Mart, Tesco, Carrefour) for whom internationalisation is a defining element of their corporate philosophy. E.g. Tesco, with 15% turnover from outside the UK & 65,000 overseas staff, declares internationalisation as one of the four defining elements of its corporate strategy. Likewise, rigorous international strategy is being pursued by the Spanish footwear brand Camper, b y recognising their brand appeal, product range and limited sector-competition. (Moore and Fernie, International Retail Marketing) To conclude, retail internationalisation is not just about opening of stores abroad. It also involves: Synchronising cultural diversity Transferring knowledge and experience Sustainability and ethical aspects of retailing Young consumers and global trends Cross-boundary service quality The need to develop & manage stores in new markets The transfer of ‘invisible’ dimensions of retail such as know-how and expertise from one market to another Cost-saving reasons Achieving market differentiation 2) Provide a critique of the various methods of market entry that are available to the international retailer:

HCI Reading Journal - Journal #2 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

HCI Reading Journal - Journal #2 - Research Paper Example However I must add that an interface goes beyond this. It might sound strange but I think I have some emotional attachment to my Smartphone its interface is so interactive and convenient that I sometimes feel incomplete without it. It has totally changed m experience in many ways. My nephew who is about 2 years is fond of me; he would jump at the sound of my voice. But that was before I realized that after the normal hug he would go straight for my phone and keep pressing the screen and motioning me to open an application that has an animation of a cat that would repeat any sound he makes. I could see he was excited and totally loved it. I thought this was normal but once we started this class I was able to understand the role played by design. According to Heim (2008), cognitive aspect of design determines the effectiveness of the interface. At this early age the kid was able to create a perception of the interface and consequently create an attachment. In essence, the interface was able to achieve its purpose due to the adequate thought put into its cognitive design. In my local town, there is an ATM boot that has three ATM machines placed in one row. The machines work alright and are very convenient. I did not see any problem in this setup until I read in Heims text about the consideration of public computers in relation to work space. In his argument, Heim (2008) postulates that design should consider the working space needed for a particular device. This opened my mind regarding the ATM machines; the working space is so small you literally can brush your shoulders when moving from one machine to another. This not only affects the comfort that should be accorded to a public computer but most importantly infringes on privacy. This is something that needs to be addressed in public computing devices that are used by hundreds of people in a

The impacts in Canada of the collapse of the financial markets Essay

The impacts in Canada of the collapse of the financial markets - Essay Example Bank analysts forecasted that the federal government may encounter a budget deficit of $40 billion for 2009 (Annis, 2009). Among the first institutions to fall is Nortel Networks, a century-old telecommunications company. However, Nortel’s problems are not caused by the crisis alone; since 2001 the firm had become prone to market weakness when it bought two companies for $ 15 billion just before the Internet crash in the US market. The company’s recovery after that was cut short, this time by an accounting scandal for which then CEO Frank Dunn was fired and seven corporate officers charged with massive accounting fraud (Duffy & Greene, 2009; Brieger, 2007). As a result of the collapse of Nortel, it filed for bankruptcy protection from creditors in January 2009; unfortunately, it also stopped paying severance, transition allowances, deferred wages and pensions to its former employees and retirees. This has brought untold suffering to many of these who have no other source of income. Despite its problems, I believe the Canadian government did not bail out Nortel because of the financial recklessness of the company officials in embarking on a massive acquisition program in the high-tech boom for which it incurred a high amount of debt. But more than this, it is likely due to the accounting fraud that company officials committed in 2004, to the disadvantage of corporate operations. A timeline diagram shows the facts about Nortel: Many causes have contributed to the US financial crisis, all traceable to the failure of regulatory procedures applied to banks and financial institutions. Firstly, the Basel II Accord provisions ensuring the financial safety of banks were circumvented by cosmetic financial reporting (Jones, 2000), although regulators would have been able to detect these violations had they been more vigilant.

Internet Working Essay Example for Free

Internet Working Essay In this paper the functions and the Structure of the Internet is discussed in detail along with the help of figures and diagram in order to make understand that what the internet really is and how it works . The paper discusses in detail the main functions and parts of Internet and how they work according to their functions and features . the Internet has opened the vistas of knowledge for the world so The world has become a global village where the people live their life on the Internet . It has no boundaries or barriers, It is open to all who have access to Internet using computer . The e-commerce and online business has really facilitated the people now days . They can draw money , deposit money , transfer money and shop nay thing on internet in seconds . furthermore people can also share the information with the people living in various countries in research work the internet has really brought a revolution in the world of Information Technology . Introduction: The internet has been a useful source of information for the public and made things possible which were impossible in the past . Such as emailing has accelerated the process of Mailing and it hardly takes seconds to reach in any part of the world as the Client are connected to Server and the Server connects the clients to world wide web . it is like cob web which keeps connected to all users at the same time . The Internets growth has become explosive and it seems impossible to escape the bombardment of www. coms seen constantly on television, heard on radio, and seen in magazines. Because the Internet has become such a large part of our lives, a good understanding is needed to use this new tool most effectively. This whitepaper explains the underlying infrastructure and technologies that make the Internet work. It does not go into great depth, but covers enough of each area to give a basic understanding of the concepts involved. For any unanswered questions, a list of resources is provided at the end of the paper. Any comments, suggestions, questions, etc. are encouraged and may be directed to the author at the email address given above. The Internet Frame Work: As the Internet is a global network of computers each computer connected to the Internet must have a unique address. Internet addresses are in the form nnn. nnn. nnn. nnn where nun must be a number from 0 255. This address is known as an IP address. (IP stands for Internet Protocol; more on this later. ) The picture below illustrates two computers connected to the Internet; your computer with IP address 1. 2. 3. 4 and another computer with IP address 5. 6. 7. 8. The Internet is represented as an abstract object in-between. (As this paper progresses, the Internet portion of Diagram 1 will be explained and redrawn several times as the details of the Internet are exposed. )

Various Ekg readings :: essays research papers fc

Lab essay # 5   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are several different heart problems that show up as an abnormal EKG reading. For example, a heart block can occur when there is a delay in the signals coming from the SA node, AV node, or the Purkinje fibers. However, clinically the term heart block is used to refer to an AV block. This delays or completely stops communication between the atria and the ventricles. AV block is shown on the EKG as a delayed or prolonged PR interval. The P wave represents the activity in the atria, and the QRS complex represents ventricular activity. This is why the PR interval shows the signal delay from the AV node. There are three degrees of severity, and if the delay is greater than .2 seconds it is classified as first degree. Second degree is classified by several regularly spaced P waves before each QRS complex. Third degree can be shown by P waves that have no spacing relationship to the QRS complex. Another type of blockage is bundle branch block. This is caused by a b lockage in the bundle of His, creating a delay in the electrical signals traveling down the bundle branches to reach the ventricles. This results in a slowed heart beat, or brachycardia. On an EKG reading this is shown as a prolonged QRS complex. A normal QRS is about .8-.12 seconds, and anything longer is considered bundle branch block. Another type of abnormal EKG reading is atrial fibrillation, when the atria contracts very quickly. On the EKG this is shown by no clear P waves, only many small fibrillating waves, and no PR interval to measure. This results in a rapid and irregular heartbeat. On the other hand, ventricular fibrillation is much more serious and can cause sudden death if not treated by electrical defibrillation.

Ski Jacket

The analysis conducted shows the importance of quantity production variability on the profit maximizing verge. A range of values is presented by four Regional Sales Managers; each region includes the minimum, most likely and maximum sales values of a random variable. The sample data is described as simple, limited, and somewhat scarce; therefore, given the grade of uncertainty, the most appropriate and suitable distribution to use is the Triangular distribution. The Monte Carlo Simulation from Microsoft Excel @Risk, will calculate â€Å"a model output value many times with different input values. The purpose is to get a complete range of all possible scenerios. †1 For the Region 1 the demand is generated from (3000, 4000, 8000) with a mean of 5000. One point of interest in the data is the variability of the values. According to the parameters of this data the coefficient of variability is 22%. The graph is right skewed, as we see the mean (5000) is right to the median (4875), and the median is right to the mode (4000); its peak represents the most likely value (4000). According to the input the total demand average generated for this region is 5000 jackets. For the Region 2 the demand is generated from (2000, 4000, 5000) with a mean of 3667. One point of interest in the data is the variability of the values. According to the parameters of this data the coefficient of variability is 17%. The graph is left skewed, as we see the mean (3667) is relatively close, but left to the median (3717), and the median is also close, and left to the mode (4013); its peak represents the most likely value (4000). According to the input the total demand average generated for this region is 3667 jackets. For the Region 3 the demand is generated from (1500, 2000, 3500) with a mean of 2333. One point of interest in the data is the variability of the values. According to the parameters of this data the coefficient of variability is 18%. The graph is left skewed, as we see the mean (2,333) is left to the median (2269), and the median left to the mode (2242); its peak represents the most likely value (2000). According to the input the total demand average generated for this region is 2333 jackets. For the Region 4 the demand is generated from (500, 1000, 1500) with a mean of 1000. One point of interest in the data is the variability of the values. According to the parameters of this data the coefficient of variability is 20%. The graph perfectly symmetric, the peak represents the most likely value (1000). According to the input the total demand average generated for this region is 1000 jackets. When the four Regional demands are summarize (5000, 3667, 2333, 1000) we totalize an estimate value of 12000 jackets. The four Regions have different means, standard deviation; the tendencies of the values are they decrease from Region 1 to Region 4. Beside the values provided by the four Regional Sales Managers, 12 Egress employees have independently estimated demand for the upcoming season. Using the same program described above, the sample data generated a mean of 11750, standard deviation 3678, and an IQR of 5039. The best distribution fit for the sample appears to be triangular. If compared to the Regional Manager’s demand, the mean generated from the employ ees’ estimate (11750) is very close to the total demand estimated by the triangular distribution (12000) from the manager’s data. The most appealing option, between the two demand estimates, is the Regional Manager’s demand as it leads to the possibility of generating triangular distribution estimates, easy to understand and visualize any effect of any changes, which will result in positive decision making. There are three different quantities of production levels projected for the upcoming season (7800, 12000, 14000). According to the previous demand estimates, the total quantity demanded is 12000. Therefore, the production level of 7800 jackets does not match the demand estimated; there is a demand shortage of 4200 jackets, which will result in disadvantage, explained as follows. When compared this quantity level of production with the 12000 production level, there is an $84,000 profit difference between both levels, which makes us determine that between both the most appealing alternative for profit maximization is the 12000 production level. On the other hand, the 14000 production level generated a total profit estimate of $40,000; his amount can be translated into a loss of $100,000 when compared to the 12000 production level. Meaning that, 2000 extra jackets produced over the estimated demand will be sold at $30 per unit instead of $100. However, if these 2000 extra jackets were to be sold at full price ($100 per unit) profits would increase by $40,000. Finally, when comparing all three production levels, we can conclude that the most suitable alternative, that comprises t he most benefits, in terms of profit maximization, is the 12000 quantity production level.

Analyzing the legalization of drugs

Introduction The increase in the drug cases during the years has lead several propositions from various individuals, one of which is the legalization of drugs. Since the widespread use of illegal drugs has eventually persisted throughout the expanse of time, and with the failure to contain the issue of illegal drug use, one suggested solution is to amend the law by legalizing the use of drugs or by putting it finally under the control and mandate of the law. However, the judicial system has had to cope with the situation. The need to reexamine the existing methods of managing and handling these drug cases proportionally rose with the persistence of illegal drugs amidst existing legal sanctions. This had led to the processing of drug cases not only in court but even outside the court. This is to cope with the great number of drug offenders of varying levels getting apprehended everyday. There were several judicial strategies conceived in order to deal with the massive amount of drug cases. These judicial strategies include the creation of specialized divisions of a drug court in some trial courts, sped-up case processing procedures, deferred prosecution programs requiring court-supervised treatment and counseling and more. There are also combinations of these strategies, all to speed-up the processing of these cases. These cases are screened beforehand in order to know what degree and what level of judicial supervisions would be applicable for the case. This is also essential for early treatment intervention and rehabilitation of the offenders, so as to stop the continued drug abuse and the likelihood of crimes. On the other hand, arguments for the legalization of drugs are constantly being hurled forward in order to finally resolve the existing contentions against the ill-effects of drugs as well as for the perceived benefits both the government and the individuals can actually obtain from legalizing these substances. Arguments for the legalization of drugs One of the most common drugs in the society today is Marijuana. It is known scientifically as the hemp plant, Cannabis sativa, where the leaves are being dried up, rolled into sheets of paper and be smoked just like cigarette or tobacco. It is the most often used illegal drug in the world, known in various names all over, like â€Å"pot,† â€Å"herb,† and â€Å"Mary Jane.† Some users can make use of marijuana by mixing it into food substances or drink it by brewing it with tea. The addictive element of marijuana is its Tetrahydrocannabinol or THC content. The effect of marijuana would depend on how strong or how potent is its Tetrahydrocannabinol content, thus also giving various effects on the marijuana users (Dell and Snyder 630). One of the reasons for finally legalizing drugs, especially marijuana, is founded on the historical context of the â€Å"illegal† substance. In America, for instance, those who lived in the area of Jamestown back in 1611 raised marijuana under the order of King James I for the purpose of crafting rope for the naval force of the British. The â€Å"herb†, as it has been called, also served as a medicinal substance specifically for George Washington who planted marijuana within the premises of Mount Vernon and that the plant was categorized as a prescription medicine until 1937 (Smith 101). Marijuana also has positive sides which can be used as an argument for its eventual legalization. One of the beneficial effects of the use of marijuana rests on its utility for the control of symptoms, especially in chemotherapy procedures, as an â€Å"effective antiemetic† among patients with health profiles such as cancer and â€Å"AIDS patients with wasting syndrome† which led to â€Å"a greater ability to cope emotionally with disabling or life-threatening illness (Gorman 23). Moreover, under the rule of Emperor Chen Nung of ancient China five centuries ago, marijuana has been declared as well as a plant that has medicinal value in terms of curing malaria, rheumatism, constipation, â€Å"absentmindedness† as well as the claims for mental and bodily disorders suffered by women (Grinspoon and Bakalar 3). There is also the contention for the prospect of establishing a regulated drug market which can be a profitable source of government tax. This idea illustrates the observation that the widespread use of illegal drugs and its potential to be a market commodity can overcome the legal restrictions ascribed unto it.   A controlled degree of the regulation of marijuana, for example, creates, instead, an increase in government revenues that may outweigh or, at least, come close to the actual government payments on law enforcement against the production, distribution and consumption of marijuana (Caputo and Ostrom 475). Refutations Drug Abuse is one of the most common criminal cases in the society today. It is a form of substance abuse, just like alcoholism, since these illicit drugs are actually addictive in nature. Because of this, many people who are hooked on drugs cannot easily let go of the addiction, and would often lead to drug-related crimes like robbery, physical assault, or even murder. Not only does these drugs dangerous to others, but it is also harmful in the drug users’ body, causing the body to take into negative turns, like deterioration and organ failures. When a person smokes or inhales marijuana smoke, he would usually feel rapid heart beats, loss of coordination and decreased sense of balance, slow reaction rate and a dry mouth. These are already signs of marijuana intoxication, along with the expansion of blood vessels in the eye, that’s why marijuana users usually have red eyes. The effects of marijuana would usually last two to three hours, where the marijuana user would usually tend to be sleepy. The negative effects of using marijuana would be hindering the user’s short term memory, wherein it would be difficult for him to remember recent events. This would usually lead to car crashes and other accidents, since their sense of coordination is greatly affected. Another dangerous drug would be cocaine. This drug’s effect on the body is really damaging, where addiction to cocaine could bring about permanent damages in one’s body or even death. Cocaine has both short term and long term effects. The short term effects are immediately noticeable, but not that damaging as compared to the long term ones. The common short term effects are a feeling of boosted energy, a decrease in a person’s appetite, and a rather hyped heart rate and blood pressure. There are still many other types of illegal drugs and similar forms of substances that create ill-effects to the overall health of individuals, oftentimes resulting for them to commit crimes that they could not have possibly committed had they not taken these illegal substances. Conclusion Although several illegal substances can actually bring forth benefits for individuals, the negative consequences outweigh these positive sides. Further, not all of these substances have positive effects when used, and that the negative consequences of illegal drug use oftentimes lead to crimes and violence. For these reasons along with the refutations against the legalization of drugs, it can be asserted that the legalization of drugs should not be taken as the ultimate measure for solving illegal drug issues. Rather, the reasons behind the legalization of drugs should be taken as a means in finding the deeper refutations against it. References Caputo, M. R., and B. J. Ostrom. â€Å"Potential Tax Revenue from a Regulated Marijuana Market: A Meaningful Revenue Source.† American Journal of Economics and Sociology 53.4 (1994): 475-90. Cocaine-Effects.com. â€Å"Cocaine Effects.† 2001. Dell, D. D., and J. A. Snyder. â€Å"Marijuana: Pro and Con.† The American Journal of Nursing 77.4 (1977): 630. Gorman, M. â€Å"Substance Abuse.† The American Journal of Nursing 97.11 (1997): 23. Grinspoon, L., and J. B. Bakalar. â€Å"The History of Cannabis.†Ã‚   Marihuana, the Forbidden Medicine. London: Yale University Press, 1997. 3. Smith, G. R. W. â€Å"Possession of Marijuana in San Mateo County: Some Social Costs of Criminalization.† Stanford Law Review 22.1 (1969): 101.   

Slaves Who Built the White House

Slaves Who Built the White House It has never been a closely held secret that enslaved Americans were part of the work force that built the White House and the United States Capitol. But the role of slaves in the building of great national symbols has generally been overlooked, or, even worse, purposely obscured. The role of enslaved workers had been so widely ignored that when First Lady Michelle Obama made reference to slaves building the White House, in her speech at the Democratic National Convention in July 2016, many people questioned the statement. Yet what the First Lady said was accurate. And if the idea of slaves building symbols of freedom such as the White House and Capitol seems odd today, in the 1790s no one would have thought much of it. The new federal city of Washington would be surrounded by the states of Maryland and Virginia, both of which had economies that depended on the labor of enslaved people. And the new city had to be constructed on the site of farmland and forests. Countless trees had to be cleared and hills had to be leveled. When the buildings began to rise, massive amounts of stone had to be transported to construction sites. Besides all the grueling physical labor, skilled carpenters, quarry workers, and masons would be needed. The use of slave labor in that environment would have been seen as ordinary. And that is probably why there are so few accounts of the enslaved workers and exactly what they did. The National Archives holds records which document that the owners of slaves were paid for the work performed in the 1790s. But the records are sparse, and only list slaves by first names and by the names of their owners. Where Did the Slaves In Early Washington Come From? From the existing pay records, we can know that the slaves who worked on the White House and the Capitol were generally the property of land owners from nearby Maryland. In the 1790s there were a number of large estates in Maryland worked by slave labor, so it would not have been difficult to hire slaves to come to the site of the new federal city. At that time, some counties of southern Maryland would have contained more slaves than free people. During most of the years of construction of the White House and Capitol, from 1792 to 1800, the commissioners of the new city would have hired about 100 slaves as workers. Recruiting the enslaved workers may have been a fairly casual situation of simply relying on established contacts. Researchers have noted that one of the commissioners responsible for building the new city, Daniel Carroll, was a cousin of Charles Carroll of Carrollton, and a member of one of Marylands most politically connected families. And some slave  owners who were paid for the labor of their enslaved workers had connections to the Carroll family. So its conceivable that Daniel Carroll simply contacted people he knew and arranged to hire enslaved workers from their farms and estates. What Work Was Performed By Slaves? There were several phases of work that needed to be done. Firstly, there was a need for ax men, workers skilled at felling trees and clearing land. The plan for the city of Washington called for an elaborate network of streets and wide avenues, and the work of clearing timber had to be done fairly precisely. Its likely that owners of large estates in Maryland would have had slaves with considerable experience at clearing land. So hiring workers who were quite competent would not have been difficult. The next phase included moving timber and stone from forests and quarries in Virginia. Much of that work was probably done by slave labor, laboring miles from the  site of the new city. And when the building material was brought to the site of present day Washington, D.C., by barges, it would have been transported to the building sites on heavy wagons. The skilled masons working on the White House and Capitol were probably helped by tending masons, who would have been semi-skilled workers. Many of them were probably slaves, though its believed that free whites and enslaved blacks worked at those jobs. A later phase of construction required a considerable number of carpenters to frame and finish the insides of the buildings. The sawing of large amounts of lumber was also likely the work of enslaved workers. When the work on the buildings was finished, its assumed that the enslaved workers returned to the estates where they had come from. Some of the slaves might have only worked for a single year, or a few years, before returning to the enslaved populations on Maryland estates. The role of the slaves who worked on the White House and Capitol was essentially hidden in plain sight for many years. The records existed, but as it was an ordinary work arrangement at the time, no one would have found it unusual. And as most early president owned slaves, the idea of slaves being associated with the presidents house would have seemed ordinary. The lack of recognition for those enslaved workers has been addressed in recent years. A memorial to them has been placed in the U.S. Capitol. And in 2008 CBS News broadcast a segment on the slaves who built the White House.

SLP 3 - Time Warp Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

SLP 3 - Time Warp - Essay Example The pricing allocation thus tabulated as follows. The table above is a clear indication of Sally’s pricing and R&D product growth decision for the years 2012 to 2015; it shows the progress in its products X5, X6 and X7. Starting with product X5: setting the product price at $272, R&D total budget will be $22, 000,000, we can thus allocate 30% to the R&D, set the fixed cost at $4,400,000, target profit at $5,000,000, and variable cost per unit at $134. This will give a R&D costs at $6,600,000. From our profit expectation of $5,000,000 with the indicated price, we need to sell 115,942 units, which will give us sales revenue of $31,536,231.88, and ROS stands at 15.85%. Profit allocation $1,000,000 For the second year, which is 2013, our target profit will be $7,000,000. The fixed costs will be $5,000,000, while the variable cost per unit stands at $140. If prices are maintained at $272, then we have to sell 140,909 units to achieve that profit. For this year, the sales revenue wi ll be $38,327,327.73. While the ROS will stand at 18.26%, which is an indication of a positive change and growth from the first year by growth rate of 2.41 %, this shows a progress in the company’s development. ... This implies that the sales team needs to triple their efforts because this will mean an increase of almost 150% in sales: a rise from 140,909 units to 542,902 units. However, this is because the plans are combined for the two final years as the economy is expected to be stable during this period thus the need to stabilize the sales (Duffie & Singleton, 2003). An analysis of the second product that is X6 indicates that, plans are expected to be carried out in the same way as X5 because all these products are the one driving the growth of the company. However, Product X6 is of higher demand, and it is scarce in production. Therefore, its price will be more than the one of product X5. For this case, year one (2012), the selling price is set to be $410. Since the expected profit for this year was $5,000,000, the fixed cost was $4,400,000, and the cost unit/price will be $160. Using this information, from the CVP calculator, it implies that we need to sale 64,000 units of this product to achieve that expected profit. The sales revenue from this will stand at $26,240,000.00, while the ROS is 19.05%. With these results, the company does not need to discontinue any product because there are positive returns up to this point. For the year 2013, the firm expects a profit from this product to be $12,000,000, and its fixed cost stands at $35,000,000. Calculations from the CVP calculator indicate that the firm has to sell about 224,960 units of the product, and the sales revenue will be $92,233,600.00. While ROS for this year amounts to 13.01%, this shows a decline on the ROS from the previous 19.05% to 13.01%. Profits expectations for each product through the four years 2012 2013 2014 2015 X5 $5,000,000 $7,000,000 $10,000,000 $12,000,000 X6 $5,000,000 $10,000,000

Leadership in the Healthcare Workforce Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Leadership in the Healthcare Workforce - Essay Example in health care organizations is one thing that cannot be avoided and will always recur largely or in small doses, whether it is the employee turnover at the micro level or the governing policies put at the macro level to see that the organization delivers as expected and to its maximum capacity. Leadership is also bound to change in any given organization. It is the mandate of every leader to ensure that a health care organization has stability (Sullivan, 2008). The health care workforce is comprised of different types of professionals that work together to provide quality care to patients. Each of these professionals performs distinct or specialized tasks according to their areas of specialization. This specialization and workforce diversity results in differences in strategic orientation of the professionals: for example, objectives of nursing practitioners may significantly differ to those of medical specialists, such as gynecologists. Despite these differences, the nature of health care services requires the professionals to work collaboratively towards realization of organizational objectives. Consequently, health care leadership plays a significant role of promoting healthy working relationships among the different practitioners. As Taplin, Foster, and Shortell (2013) observe, the leadership involves creating an environment that fosters teamwork to overcome challenges of differentiation of tasks and burden of information, common in he alth care workforce. Leaders are required to provide organizational vision, as well as inspire and empower the workforce towards realization of the vision. In exploring the topic, future research can examine salient traits and behaviors of effective health care leaders (Wieck et al, 2002). It can also explore leadership style or styles used by these leaders to influence the workforce towards realization of common objectives (Cummings et al., 2009). The research can also seek to establish the influence of other important